Writing and testing method of addition of two numbers
This section starts with a simple example that will illustrate the basic
concepts involved in testing with JUnit. In this section, we will be creating a
java file named Calculator.java which has a method named sum() which takes two
int parameters and return addition of these two numbers. So here we have to
check whether this method is functioning well in all the conditions or
not.
Creating
Calculator.java :
This class has sum method which takes two int parameters to add them and
return it . Save and compile this file.
| public class Calculator{ int sum(int num1,int num2){ return num1+num2; } } |
Creating CalculatorTest.java :
To test that method sum() is working fine we need to check it. For this we
create another class named CalculatorTest. Save and compile this file. Before proceeding further we should
first have a look over JUnit coding convention.
Coding Convention :
1. Name of the test class must end with "Test".
2. Name of the method must begin with "test".
3. Return type of a test method must be void.
4. Test method must not throw any exception.
5. Test method must not have any parameter.
In our example, the class name which we are going to test is
"Calculator" so we have created class "CalculatorTest" here.
In the same way the method created to test the particular method will be
appended with test word as in this example we are going to test the method sum()
hence we have created method testSum() in this class.
| import junit.framework.TestCase; public class CalculatorTest extends TestCase { Calculator cal=new Calculator(); public CalculatorTest(String name) { super(name); } public void testSum() { assertEquals(2,cal.sum(1,1)); } } |
Explanation :
| import junit.framework.TestCase; |
As we need to use some classes of JUnit constructs in the testing program so have to use import statement to use them. In this example, we are going to use TestCase class so we need to import this class from framework package of JUnit.
| public class CalculatorTest extends TestCase |
If we want to define our own test methods then we have to extend TestCase class in our testing class. In this example we are going to test the functionality of adding two numbers. So we have created our class named CalculatorTest. In this class there is one method to testSum to test addition functionality of the program. To make these methods of any use our class extends TestCase class.
| public CalculatorTest(String name) { super(name); } |
When we test the functionality then we can see the output to check which test has produced error i.e. which test fails. So for this every test is given name. The constructor of the class provides this functionality by passing this parameter to the constructor of the parent class.
| public void testSum() { assertEquals(2,cal.sum(1,1)); } |
The method testSum() is to test the functionality of addition in the Calculator.java class. In this example, there is a need for only one method but we can add as many methods as we need. We can also define variables and perform arithmetic calculations just as we do in any Java program. In this method we are checking whether the value returned by sum method of the object of the Calculator class is equal to "2". If it is so then the test will be shown successful. If the method did not perform as expected then it will cause assertEquals() to fail. Now we need to fix the problem and run the test again . We need to repeat this process until the test is passed.
How to run JUnit in text mode :
Execute java junit.textui.TestRunner CalculatorTest. The passing test results in the following textual output:
| . Time: 0 OK (1 test) |