Product Components of  JDBC

JDBC has four Components:

1. The JDBC API.
2. The JDBC Driver Manager.
3. The JDBC Test Suite.
4. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge.

1. The JDBC API.

The JDBC application programming interface provides the facility for  accessing  the relational database from the Java programming language. The API technology provides the industrial standard for independently connecting Java programming language and a wide range of databases. The user not only execute the SQL statements, retrieve results, and update the data but can also access it  anywhere within a network because of  it's "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA) capabilities. 

Due to JDBC API technology, user can also access other tabular data sources like spreadsheets or flat files even in the a heterogeneous environment.  JDBC application programmming interface is a  part of the Java platform that have included Java Standard Edition (Java SE ) and the Java  Enterprise Edition (Java EE) in itself.

The JDBC API has four main interface:

The latest version of  JDBC 4.0 application programming interface is divided into two packages
i-) java.sql
ii-) javax.sql. 

Java SE and Java EE platforms are included in both the packages.

2. The JDBC Driver Manager.

The JDBC Driver Manager is a very important class that defines objects which connect Java applications to a JDBC driver. Usually  Driver Manager is the backbone of the JDBC architecture. It's very simple and small that  is used to provide a means of managing the different types of JDBC database driver running on an application. The main responsibility of  JDBC database driver is to load all the drivers found in the system properly as well as to select the most  appropriate driver from opening a connection to a database.  The Driver Manager also helps to select the most appropriate driver from the previously loaded drivers when a new open database is connected.  

3. The JDBC Test Suite.

The function of  JDBC driver test suite is to make ensure that the  JDBC drivers will run user's program or not . The test suite of  JDBC application program interface is very useful  for testing a driver based on JDBC technology during testing period. It  ensures the requirement of  Java Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE). 

4. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge.

The JDBC-ODBC bridge, also known as JDBC type 1 driver is a  database driver that utilize the ODBC driver to connect  the  database. This driver translates JDBC method calls into ODBC function calls. The Bridge implements Jdbc for any database for which an Odbc driver is available. The Bridge is always implemented as the sun.jdbc.odbc Java package and it contains a native library used to access ODBC. 

Now we can conclude this topic: This first two component of   JDBC, the JDBC API and the JDBC Driver Manager manages to connect to the database and then build a java program that utilizes SQL commands to communicate with any RDBMS. On the other hand, the last two components are used  to communicate with ODBC or to test web application  in the specialized environment.