Project management is an integral part of an organisation since times for carrying out any organisational activity effectively and efficiently. Project management is basically the effective utilization of knowledge, skills, efforts, experience, capabilities and time for planning, organising, staffing, monitoring, controlling and leading a project to meet the desired objective of the project.

Though, we will discuss project management in organisational context here but a project management is essential for carrying any kind of project including domestic projects, social projects and others.

Project management is not a single process but is a combination of several processes that complete project management process jointly. A complete project management cycle comprises of following process to complete a project management:ADS_TO_REPLACE_1

• Project initiation: Project initiation is the initial phase of any project to be started, which involves all the pre-sales activities to complete the project successfully. In the project initiation phase all the requirements need for the entire project management cycle are gathered and analysed for implementation. A project initiation phase comes to an end, once all the requirements are defined.

• Project planning: Project planning is one of the most important phase of project management processes that should be given utmost importance as any mislead in this phase can ruin the entire project management process. In this phase, the entire process of project management is planned for effective completion of the project. In the project-planning phase, strategic planning for requirements scope, budget, and timelines is made properly for the success of the project. The project plan is very essential prior to the beginning of a project for the proper allocation of resources, budget and time for each activity to be carried our during the entire project management process.

• Project execution: Once an effective plan has been developed for carrying out the project management process, the next phase involves the project execution in which the project is executed in accordance with the project plan to achieve the set objectives and goals of the project successfully. During the project execution phase, members of the project team are assigned with their specific tasks that have to be completed in the prefixed time frame or deadline. The project schedule helps in measuring the progress of the project.

During the entire project execution phase, proper reporting of the work progress has to be done on daily basis. The senior management is responsible for taking detailed report and updates from their subordinates in order to track project progress.

The tracking of the progress of the project has to be done on every aspects including effort, time and cost so as to judge whether the project is moving forward in a right direction or not. If in between the execution phase any loophole in the process is identified affecting the delivery of the project, then the process is rectified immediately to avoid any loss.

• Project control and validation: A project life cycle completes in various phases with a number of activities in each phase of the entire project management process. It is very essential to carry out each activity with proper control and validation to ensure the accuracy of the plan. The controlling can be defined in terms of project plan, quality assurance test plan, and communication plan for the project. If things do not run according to the plan, it is the responsibility of the project manager to take necessary steps in order to control this in favour of the project.

Similarly, validation is much required as a supporting tool for the project management process to run efficiently. Validation is an ongoing activity in a project cycle that runs from the beginning of the project to the completion of the project. In many projects a special division called 'quality assurance team' is established that assist the project team for validation and verifications functions.ADS_TO_REPLACE_2

• Project closeout and evaluation: Project closeout and evaluation is the last phase of a project management process in which the desired goals and objectives are achieved and the project is close out. The project is then handed over to the client and if all the specifications from client's point of view are delivered by the project, the client then accepts it and the project sum is paid by the client. The project is then declared completed.

Once the project is completed, it is the time of evaluation of the entire project. During the coarse of the evaluation, the mistakes made by the project team during the project management process are identified which is then kept in mind to avoid them in future. In addition to that, the difficulties faced during the project cycle are also identified so that more efficient strategy could be made in the next project.

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